A new low profile antenna with improved performance for satellite on-the-move communications

A novel design solution for a low-profile fullduplex Satellite-On-The-Move Communications hybrid scanned phased array antenna for low elevation angle coverage (down to 10°) is described. The antenna is operated at Ku-Band. The unique louvered array element geometry in combination with a spatial filter/ “ray bending” lens facilitates the shaping of the element pattern to increase gain at low elevation angles. Preliminary modelling results using simple ray-tracing and 3D E simulation indicate that the desired low angle coverage can be achieved

A low profile radiating element with nearly hemispheric coverage for satellite communications on-the-move hybrid array antenna

A novel design solution of a dual-linearly polarised Ku-band low-profile radiating element for low elevation angle coverage (down to 10° above horizon) is presented. Such an element is suitable for full-duplex Satellite Communications On-The-Move (SCOTM) hybrid scanned phased array antenna applications. Standard designed radiating elements for array applications with low profile physical structure suffer poor low elevation angle coverage as the element pattern reduces by sine of the elevation angle. The element design demonstrated in this paper features unique louvered array element geometry incorporating a spatial “ray bending” lens facilitates the shaping of the element pattern to increase gain at low elevation angles. Preliminary modelling results using ray tracing analysis shows that the desired low angle coverage can be achieved. Currently in progress full 3D electromagnetic simulations which include the interaction between the basic radiator and the spatial lens indicates that using an ideal tilted element with novel louvered reflector in addition with proposed lens, low angular coverage can potentially be realised in a low profile structure

PRENOLIN project. Results of the validation phase at sendai site

One of the objectives of the PRENOLIN project is the assessment of uncertainties associated with non-linear simulation of 1D site effects. An international benchmark is underway to test several numerical codes, including various non-linear soil constitutive models, to compute the non-linear seismic site response. The preliminary verification phase (i.e. comparison between numerical codes on simple, idealistic cases) is now followed by the validation phase, which compares predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong motion data recorded from well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 21 different non-linear computations. Extensive site characterization was performed at three sites of the Japanese KiK-net and PARI networks. This paper focuses on SENDAI site. The first results indicate that a careful analysis of the data for the lab measurement is required. The linear site response is overestimated while the non-linear effects are underestimated in the first iteration. According to these observations, a first set of recommendations for defining the non-linear soil parameters from lab measurements is proposed. PRENOLIN is part of two larger projects: SINAPS@, funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) and SIGMA, funded by a consortium of nuclear operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA, ENL)

The effects of a finite ground plane on the characteristics of printed patch antennas with and without a suspended patch

In most analyses of microstrip patch antennas the effects of a finite ground plane are neglected because it is assumed infinite. However, in mobile communication systems the ground plane of antennas must be finite. Therefore, the effect of the finite ground plane on the characteristics of printed patch antenna elements is worth investigation. In this paper a stacked patch antenna has been proposed and the effects of a finite ground plane on the total radiation pattern are investigated. In fact, we have shown that a truncated ground plane of width approximately one wavelength will produce a 3dB beam width for the patch of approximately 65 degrees in contrast to the 90 degrees which occurs for an infinite ground plane. A physical description of the reason for this is included

Imaging concealed objects from scalar microwave holograms

A new technique for the imaging of concealed objects using indirect holographic imaging principles is outlined. A brief examination of the underlying theory followed by a description of the novel experimental system that has been developed to overcome some of the previous issues regarding this technique, is presented along with some initial results obtained from the imaging of passive objects concealed by material and plastic

Pharmaceutical Forced Degradation (Stress Testing) Endpoints: A Scientific Rationale and Industry Perspective.

Forced degradation (i.e., stress testing) of small molecule drug substances and products is a critical part of the drug development process, providing insight into the intrinsic stability of a drug that is foundational to the development and validation of stability-indicating analytical methods. There is a lack of clarity in the scientific literature and regulatory guidance as to what constitutes an "appropriate" endpoint to a set of stress experiments. That is, there is no clear agreement regarding how to determine if a sample has been sufficiently stressed. Notably, it is unclear what represents a suitable justification for declaring a drug substance (DS) or drug product (DP) "stable" to a specific forced degradation condition. To address these concerns and to ensure all pharmaceutically-relevant, potential degradation pathways have been suitably evaluated, we introduce a two-endpoint classification designation supported by experimental data. These two endpoints are 1) a % total degradation target outcome (e.g., for "reactive" drugs) or, 2) a specified amount of stress, even in the absence of any degradation (e.g., for "stable" drugs). These recommended endpoints are based on a review of the scientific literature, regulatory guidance, and a forced degradation data set from ten global pharmaceutical companies. The experimental data set, derived from the Campbell et al. (2022) benchmarking study,1 provides justification for the recommendations. Herein we provide a single source reference for small molecule DS and DP forced degradation stress conditions and endpoint best practices to support regulatory submissions (e.g., marketing applications). Application of these forced degradation conditions and endpoints, as part of a well-designed, comprehensive and a sufficiently rigorous study plan that includes both the DS and DP, provides comprehensive coverage of pharmaceutically-relevant degradation and avoids unreasonably extreme stress conditions and drastic endpoint recommendations sometimes found in the literature